A diabetic wound is a major complication in people with diabetes. Foot ulcers are the most common wounds developed by people with diabetes, who are at an increased risk of developing foot ulcers by 34%, compared to people without diabetes. However, there are steps that can be taken by people with diabetic wounds to prevent their wounds from worsening and developing complications, and these are listed below. 

What is a diabetic wound? 

A diabetic wound, is an open wound, which most commonly occurs as an ulcer in the foot, such as at the heel or big toe. Diabetes causes an increase in blood sugar levels in the body, which over time, can cause damage to the smaller nerves and blood vessels at the extremities, most commonly in the feet, leading to numbness, and poor blood circulation. This, along with other potential factors such dry skin, pressure such as from ill-fitting footwear, walking barefoot, any cuts or injuries and poor hygiene, can all contribute to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. 

Any wounds that develop in people with diabetes can be more difficult to heal and become prone to infection. Occasionally, this can lead to complications such as a severe infection, gangrene (dead tissue from blood supply being cut off) and amputation. 

It is therefore very important for people with diabetes to take steps to prevent wounds or ulcers, from developing, and to take steps to help any wounds or ulcers that have developed, to heal.

How can I stop a foot ulcer from developing?

These are some important steps which must be followed regularly, to prevent a foot ulcer from developing:

• Inspect your feet daily
• Thoroughly wash your feet 
• Pat dry your feet and apply a good moisturizer to prevent dry skin
• Try not to walk barefoot as this increases your risk of getting infections.
• Trim your toenails 
• Wear comfortable shoes
• Maintain good control of your blood sugars 

What should I do if I notice a wound or ulcer?

It is very important to see your doctor as soon as you notice an ulcer or even a small wound on your body. Infection can develop quickly in an untreated diabetic wound, and can spread to become a severe infection causing sepsis, which is when an infection enters the blood stream and can be life-threatening. A doctor specializing in diabetes and in wound management, such as a Podiatrist, can take care of your Diabetic foot ulcer. They will give you antibiotics if they suspect an infection and it is very important to closely follow their advice and treatment plan. 

How can a wound or an ulcer be treated once it has developed?

The key steps to effective wound management in people with diabetes are:

• Cleaning the wound
• Debridement, that is, removing the dead tissues to allow healthy skin/tissue to grow. 
• Daily dressing with a bandage after applying medications
• Off-loading, that is, keeping pressure off the affected area to speed up the healing process
• Antibiotics for any infections that arise
• Close control of blood sugars

If you have any questions, it’s recommended you speak to a doctor specialising in diabetes in your area.